Aerobic Metabolism
Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
ASSOCIATED READING: Campbell Biology (11th ed) pg 168-178; Figures 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16; Campbell Biology (10th ed) pg 166-176 (Figures 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16)
KEY WORDS: glycolysis, glucose, ATP, NADH, cofactor, pyruvate, substrate-level phosphorylation, electron-transfer phosphorylation, ATP synthase
QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANSWER:
GLYCOLYSIS
KREB'S CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
KEY WORDS: glycolysis, glucose, ATP, NADH, cofactor, pyruvate, substrate-level phosphorylation, electron-transfer phosphorylation, ATP synthase
QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANSWER:
GLYCOLYSIS
- What is the overall equation for aerobic metabolism?
- Describe the difference between the energy released during the combustion (burning) of glucose versus glucose breakdown in a cell.
- Where does glycolysis occur in a cell?
- Per glucose, how many total ATP are produced?
- What does the "energy investment phase" of glycolysis refer to? What are the ATP used for during this phase?
- After accounting for the ATP consumed during glycolysis, how many net ATP are produced per glucose?
- Per glucose, how many NADH are produced?
- What two things are transported by cofactors?
- What three-carbon molecule is produced by glycolysis? Hint: there are two of them.
- Define substrate-level phosphorylation.
- Does glycolysis require oxygen?
KREB'S CYCLE
- Where in a cell does Kreb's cycle occur?
- Identify the structural features of a mitochondrion
- Outer membrane
- Inner membrane
- Intermembrane space
- What molecule is fed into Kreb's cycle, and what molecules are produced by Kreb's cycle?
- What is the source of the molecule that is fed into Kreb's cycle?
- What is carried by NADH and FADH2? What process is NADH and FADH2 used for later by the cell?
- How many ATP molecules are produced during Kreb's cycle, and what process produces them?
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
- How many ATP molecules are synthesized via the electron transport chain and ATP synthase?
- What carries electrons to the electron transport (aka "transfer") chain?
- When did the electron carriers pick up the electrons?
- The movement of electrons through the electron transport chain fuels the transport of what ion?
- What ion moves through ATP synthase, and why does the ion move through ATP synthase?
- What happens as the ions move through ATP synthase?
- What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
- Why does ATP synthase depend upon the electron transport chain to synthesize ATP